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The Impact of my First Open Classroom - Using the Geography of the School to Develop Understanding about Trench Warfare

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My students discuss tactics in my open classroom
This week we have begun an open classroom initiative in my faculty. The aim being for staff within the faculty to showcase their teaching and learning and to allow other members of the faculty to visit their lessons and see what they can use in their own teaching. This type of activity is not really alien in the school I work in but formalising it over a month period has given us the focus to visit each others' lessons and develop our pedagogy.

One of my lessons this week focused on introducing the concept of trench warfare to year 8. The head of faculty came out to watch my lesson and see how he could apply it to his own geography and history lessons.

I wanted the students to develop an understanding based around the following lesson outcomes:
+ Be able to show the layout of the battlefield. (Lv4)
+ Explain why it was difficult to attack the enemy trenches. (Lv5)
+ Begin to justify whether you agree with the view that 'The British Tactics were the main reason why the attacks failed' (Lv6/7)

This lesson was an open classroom in another sense as I used the school grounds to help develop the students understanding. As we were outside the students used their iPads to record what they had learnt and uploaded this to Edmodo.

We began by looking at the layout of the battlefield. To do this I took the students onto a path that runs between our two sports fields. The landscape of our school proved useful as I was able to show where the German trenches would be (on a higher ridge above the field), where the British trenches would be, where no mans' land was and how the British would go about attacking the German trenches. The students used Educreations to quickly show their understanding. Two examples are below:
One students work

Another students work
We then moved onto the tennis courts and used the wire fence and gate to highlight the issues caused by the barbed wire. Students found the gap in the wire (school fence) and then saw how easy it was for the machine gunner to focus their fire on the gap in the wire.

Whilst we were discussing this the students made notes and completed an Edmodo assignment explaining why it was difficult to attack the German trenches. One example is below:
One major factor that made it difficult to attack Germany's trenches was the fact that they were on higher ground, and had a better angle to shoot at the British. They would have an advantage throughout, unless the British were to successfully attack and take their trenches.

Another reason why it was difficult to attack the enemy trenches because both sides stayed underground out of the reach of bullets and shells. This meant that if one side was to go overground to attack, they would be sitting ducks for the enemy to shoot them. 

It was also difficult to attack the enemy's trenches was because the Germans had massive coils of barbed wire that obstructed the British's path. The British soldiers would've had to sneak through small gaps whilst machine guns aimed directly at them. This made the number of soldiers who actually made it to the other side so few, and unable to make an effective attack.

As a plenary / review activity the students then justified whether they agreed with the statement 'The British Tactics were the main reason why the attacks failed'. This was then completed for homework and will form the start of the next lesson.

Reflections on the lesson
+ Taking the students out of the classroom worked really well. They were able to engage with the topic and using the school field in this way made it easier for them to imagine the layout of the battle and how difficult it was to launch a successful attack.
+ Using the iPads in this way meant that the quality of the discussions and learning could be recorded in a way that will aid the learning in future lessons. The iPads maximised the productivity of the students as they moved around the field.

Reflections on the open classroom 'observation'
Below is a photo of the teacher who came to visit my lesson using what he had seen and applying it to his own teaching. This shows the value of taking time to go and see what other teachers are doing in their lessons. This obviously justifies the open classroom initiative and highlights the impact it can have.

Added to that, seeing a colleague incorporate what they have seen in my lesson into their own has given me a real boost. So often in teaching we focus on what needs improving that it is easy to lose sight of what we are doing well. The open classroom initiative has forced us as a faculty to focus on what we are doing that works well; for this reason alone I would strongly recommend it.


The impact of the open classroom



The Best Type of Feedback - Students Reflecting on my lessons using Google Forms

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I have recently been receiving and analysing feedback on my teaching provided by my last GCSE class. Using a GoogleForm I anonymously asked them several questions about my teaching. The questions focused around what they thought was good about my lessons and what I could do to improve them. This is a process I repeat at regular intervals and is something that I believe has real value. It provides me with some of the most useful and valuable feedback I have had as a teacher.


Why does this provide the best type of feedback?
  The feedback is real. Most feedback we are given as a teacher is based around short lesson observations which, for various reasons, do not always reflect the normal classroom practices. I had taught my GCSE history class over 150 times. Their experience was real and their feedback is based around that period as a whole. This means that it is not only fair but also allows the students to comment on a whole series of activities and lessons which are far more wide ranging than several 30 minute observations.
  The feedback is provided by experts. My GCSE class is a combination of Year 9, 10 and 11 students who have spent their whole lives in education. They know what works well and what needs to be improved because they live it everyday.
  The feedback is personal. The students in my class spoke only about my lessons and provided me with the kind of detailed focus that would be difficult to achieve without the GoogleForm.
  It profoundly alters the classroom dynamic. This is perhaps the most significant reason. I am a big believer in students co-constructing the lessons (see Co-Construction Blog) because it places greater responsibility on the students and allows them to 'own' the learning. When students see that they have the chance to influence what is taking place I believe they become much more engaged. When I explain to the students how the shape of the learning has been altered by the information they have given you can clearly see the impact of the process.

The class that filled in this GoogleForm are a group that I no longer teach. @Rossett we change the school timetable 4 weeks before the summer and begin teaching our new groups. I was keen to use the advice my former students provided to improve the learning for the new cohort.

What did I learn from this process?
  The Impact of my YouTube Channel. Nearly all the students referred to the videos I have made explaining how to answer exam questions. The vast majority said how useful they had found them and how the pause/fast-forward/rewind had individualised feedback. This is obviously something I will continue to do.
  The need to keep changing the seating plan. My students felt that they were stuck working with the same people too often. My new group have been constantly changing partners and groups. I have made use of the random pair generator and at least once a lesson the students are working with 'random' other students. In just the first 4 weeks I have seen the benefit of this. My class is mixed Year 9-11 and the constantly changing pairing's have really developed the class dynamic. I am grateful to the students who pointed this out. One of my students actually tweeted me to say he enjoyed an activity partly because it allowed him the chance to meet new people.
  The need to improve the revision sessions. In the run up to the exams I held a series of revision sessions after school. One of my class pointed out that most of the work that was completed in these sessions could have been done, by them, at home. They had attended but had not got the most out of the sessions. This led me to consider the work that was going on. For some of my students this was exactly the aim of the sessions because they were completing work that they would not otherwise have done at home. However, for a significant group, the sessions were not working. I have decided to develop my revision session around the principle of Solo Stations. Setting several activities that allow the students to select where they begin their revision journey. I am confident that this will improve the quality of the revision sessions and am pleased that the plight of this student (and doubtless others like them) has been brought to my attention.

I hope that you have found this blog interesting. I hope I have shown why I believe student reflections using GoogleForms is the best type of feedback. I also hope I have shown the type of quality outcomes that this kind of interaction can produce.

Developing the use of YouTube within the 'Classroom'– A PGCE Session

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Last week I was privileged to spend a morning with the current cohort of history PGCE trainees at York University. The aim of the session was to show how YouTube could be used within the history 'classroom'. I aimed to provide some stimulus and then asked the trainees to film themselves, upload their films to YouTube, embed them within a Wiki and reflect on the experience.

I believe that this is interesting for a number of reasons:
1) It allows the reader to see the potential impact that creating YouTube videos can have.
2) It also shows a good way to start students/staff/trainees creating YouTube videos.
3) It shows the brilliant levels of creativity that are displayed by the trainees.

We began with the question "Why could creating YouTube videos be useful within the history classroom?"This question was deliberately open ended and vague to allow the trainees to run with their own ideas. After feeding back we then produced this video to explain our thoughts:

For many in the group this was their 'debut' on YouTube. I wanted to showcase their ideas within a framework that reflected the element of fun that YouTube can bring. This was also an excellent icebreaker as the trainees had to say their name, three words to describe themselves, and then give their views on how YouTube could be used. Watching this back I am struck both by the engaging atmosphere within the room and also by the quality of the ideas being presented. The spinning went down a treat!

This video served several purposes.
1)    It broke down the barriers within the 'classroom' and allowed everyone involved to see the kind of creativity that the session would focus on.
2)    Within the 'safety of numbers' it allowed many within the group to take their first steps in a supportive environment.
3)    It was a powerful vehicle for tapping into the knowledge that already existed around the topic.

After this starter I then showed some examples of how I have used YouTube with a particular focus on engagement and differentiation. Some examples of which are below:
I then asked the trainees to 'go away' into the university campus and produce a short 1 to 2 minute video that they could see themselves potentially using in their classrooms. I also asked the trainees to reflect on how their videos might aid engagement and differentiation. All of the videos that were produced can be viewed on the WIki by clicking on the trainee pages (right-hand side)

We then reconvened and watched the videos together as a group in a kind of show-and-tell style.

This process highlighted the following:
1) The atmosphere within the room was 'electric' some trainees were literally rubbing their hands together in anticipation of watching the videos.
2) All the videos were excellent.
3) They all showed a creativity that made the end product very memorable.
4) They were all engaging and would all have been excellent tools for differentiation.

Some of the reflections from the trainees are below:

Reflections
  • The session showed the creative power of YouTube .
  • All the videos produced were excellent tools to promote engagement and differentiation.
  • I believe that teachers should empower their students to achieve. Whilst the PGCE trainees are not my students, using YouTube in this way allowed me to empower 13 brilliantly creative people to produce excellent work.
The last point is perhaps the most important thing that this session showcased. YouTube is a very poweful vehicle to tap into the creativity of the people we teach as it makes any topic instantly 'fun' and when we are young we can all do with that.

Massive thankyou to Paula Mountford (@pgcehYork) and the excellent trainees for throwing themselves so wholeheartedly into this session. The future of the history teaching profession looks very good.

If you are interested in having a session run similar to this or have any further questions please do not hesitate to tweet me @Westylish


The Excellent York University History PGCE Trainees

Creating Opportunities to Fail - Resilience and the Rossett 'Independance Day'

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On the 3rd July we had an 'Independence Day' (#IDRossett2012) @Rossett. The aim of the day was to embed and showcase the Rossett 3R's: Responsibility, Reflection and Resilience. Below is a video of what I believe the 3R's look like in my history lessons:
The main 'R' I was looking to incorporate into the students learning on Independence Day was Resilience and I was looking to create an activity that made the majority of students fail. 
The lesson was focused around the key question "What was it like to live in the British Empire?" but I believe the activity could easily be adapted to any question. The main activity centered on students producing a museum-style exhibit that aimed to answer the key question. They worked in groups to produce this. During this I repeatedly interrupted their work to offer them a chance to book an actor who could add another dimension to their exhibit by explaining 'their' view on what it was like to live in the Empire.
So often we talk about the importance of learning from mistakes but all too often our achievement driven outlook stops us from planning failure into our lessons.
Before the lesson - The Responsibility
In the lesson before the Independence Day I grouped the class into groups of 5 and gave them a worksheet each that looked at what it was like to live in the Empire from the point of view of a different country. I emphasized that this was only a starting point and that they could do extra work and bring in extra resources. I also gave them a flavour of the kind of competition theywould be involved in. I explained that they all needed to pull together, to work hard individually at home, to make the group successful. 
During the lesson - The Resilience
When the students arrived at the lesson they sat in their groups and after a quick numbered-heads-together wherethey defined what makes a good exhibit they were off working on their exhibits. Apart from providing them with paper, glue and scissors I did not give them any direction about how they should produce their exhibit. It was completely up to them to decide what it should contain and how it should look.After about 5 minutes I stopped the students and explained that they had the chance to book an actor for their exhibit. I played the first section of the following video to the whole class (the video 'stars' the @Rossett history department and a guest from REP):
I paused it after 'Chief Cakobau' had finished speaking leaving the key points on the screen. I then asked one random person from each group to come up and speak for 20 seconds (speaking at the screen, as if the actor was in the room) explaining why the Chief should be a part of their exhibit. After they had all finished speaking I explained
that unfortunately the actor playing Chief Cakobau could only work at two exhibits, he was a busy man, this meant that 4 group would be unsuccessful.
I awarded the actor to the two successful groups (by giving them a small picture of him to display). I then explained that I had made the decision based on 5 success criteria which I would not be sharing with them. They had to spend the next minute thinking about why they had, or mostly, had not been successful. I encouraged them to talk about the successful groups and focus on what they thought made them successful.I then asked the students to carry on with their exhibits but repeated the process with the other parts of the video until every student in the group had the chance to explain why an actor should work in their group's display.
At the end of the lesson - The Reflection
At the end of the lesson I gave merits out to the most successful group. I also gave every group the chance of winning a merit by reflecting on proceedings and coming up with their own success criteria. The group with the closest answer was the winner. Obviously groups that had been resilient and reflective had the most chance to win in the end.
My Own Reflections
  • The students were very engaged by this form of learning and produced some excellent work.
  • Working in groups certain students took it upon themselves to be responsible for other members in their group by making sure they knew what to do.
  • The groups that had been the most responsible and produced the best homework had the best chance of doing well.
  • The group that won the activity (claiming three actors for their exhibit) did not win anything on the first run through but were resilient and worked best together to try and work out what was success looked like.
  • Every group tried to reflect on what they were doing and the standard of the work increased throughout the lesson. It got much harder to pick my two winners later in the lesson.
  • This lesson was part of @Rossett School's Independence Day which was designed to promote Responsibility, Resilience and Reflection. The day was brilliant and I really enjoyed teaching a lesson like this. I will definitely be doing this type of activity again.
I would like to thank Mrs McFarlane (@rowmc64) for her help refining my original idea and for helping with the lesson plan and the resources. I would also like to thank Mr Grainger (@MrG_Ranger) for producing some excellent SEN homework resources.  Part of the lesson plan is below
 
ROSSETT SCHOOL
LESSON PLAN
Teacher
Subject:
Date/Period:
Teaching Group:
Unit/Module: (if applicable)

Learning Objectives  By the end of the lesson students will understand/know/do:
Learning Outcomes  By the end of the lesson students will be able to: recall, describe, demonstrate, explain, evaluate etc:

All will be able to:
show responsibility by bringing research to the lesson on what it was like to live in Empire
Reflect on why they/or other groups have been successful.
Show resilience by not giving up if they are not successful.

Most will be able to:
show responsibility by ensuring that all of their group is working toward producing a good exhibit.
Reflect, and apply those reflections, to improve their exhibit.
Apply what they have learnt from observing more successful groups and applying it to their own pitches (resilience)

Some will be able to:
Some will show responsibility by explaining to the group why and how an improvement could be made.
Some will be able to draw and apply reflections from other members of the group.
Some apply observations of good practice to develop/suggest alternative approaches.

Resources
Minds and Machines pages 98-103

Starter(s):
(5-8 mins)
Get the groups to all-write-round-robin things that they have learnt about what it was like to live in the Empire.
Main Activities:

Check progress-refer to learning objectives & outcomes.
(8-10 mins)













               Mini-Plenary



















Students work in groups of 5 to produce a a1/big sheet poster about the topic. They must show responsibility and work independently using the resources provided by the teacher.

While this is happening at intervals the teacher puts on a mask and explains a bit about a character who can help visitors to the exhibition understand what it was like to live in the Empire. One person from each group must then come forward and explain for 20 seconds why their groups exhibit should have that actor in it. They should try and persuade the teacher. The teacher will then judge each group by the set of criteria (that the students have not seen) and say they will feature in two of the groups exhibits. This means that 3 groups will be unsuccessful. The groups will have to try and work out why the groups were successful and this shows resilience and reflection.

The teacher could ask the students to discuss what they think made the successful groups successful.

The teacher will repeat this process 4 or 5 times (using the 5 'ruled' sources from page 102-103 except Chief Crowfoot) during the lesson and each time a different student from the group must pitch. These need simplifying for lower sets.

There will be merits for the group who produce the best exhibit. This will be a combination of their work and the actors they have managed to 'book' for their exhibit.

There will also be merits available in the plenary for the group that can explain what the success criteria was.

Success Criteria
Show an understanding of the country the source comes from.
Show an understanding of the theme that the source talks about.
Make a quality exhibit for the actor to be part of.
Be enthusiastic.
Be creative.
Final Plenary:
(5 Mins)
There will also be merits available in the plenary for the group that can explain what the success criteria was.

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